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MLA Citations
Citation
(Documentation) is the systematic process of giving credit to the sources of
ideas and
information
that are used in your paper. Its purpose is to identify the works you consulted
and to distinguish
these works from your own ideas, facts, and opinions.
Failure
to cite your sources is plagiarism,
which is the presentation of another's words, ideas or
research as
your own. This is a form of theft, and it applies to the use of material found
on the Internet as well as
books, articles or any form of print or non-print resources. A more detailed
explanation of source
documentation can be found in the MLA Handbook, available on Reserve and
at the Reference Desk.
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1.
The
Works Cited
list
must be on a separate sheet from the text of your paper.
2.
Alphabetize all types of sources in one list by
first word
of
citation
(other
than
the, a
or
an).
3.
The
titles of the sources you have used must be either
italicized
or
underlined.
4.
Include only works cited in the text of your paper.
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Proper
Formats for your Works Cited List:
NASSAU COMMUNITY COLLEGE
LIBRARY
MLA STYLE SHEET
Based on the MLA Style Manual 7th edition, 2009
Note: Alphabetize and Double
Space all entries. Indent all lines five spaces after the first line.
FORMATS FOR PRINT
SOURCES
BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR
Author's last name, Author's first name.
Title of the Book. City of publication: Publisher's name,
year of publication. Print.
Metcalf, Allan. Research to the Point.
New York: Harcourt, 1991. Print.
In-text reference: (Metcalf 234)
BOOK WITH TWO AUTHORS
Smith, Ann, and John Stevens. Proper
Citation Formats. San Francisco: Que, 1999. Print.
In-text reference: (Smith and Stevens 68)
ESSAY IN A BOOK
Author. "Title of the Article." Title of
the Book. Ed. Editor's name. City of publication: Publisher, year.
Pages. Print.
Krutch, Joseph Wood. "What the Year 2000
Won't Be Like." Finding a Voice. Ed. Jim W. Cordeer.
Glenview: Scott Foresman, 1973. 21-36.
Print.
In-text reference: (Krutch 24)
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Author of article, if given. "Title of the
Encyclopedia Article." Title of the Encyclopedia. Year ed. Print.
Sanders, Tanya. "Communication."
Encyclopedia of Speech. 1999 ed. Print.
ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE BOOK
Author of article, if given. "Title of
Article." Title of Reference Book. Ed. Editor's first and last
name. Edition, if given. Volume number.
City of publication: Publisher, date. Print.
Natoli, Joseph. "William Blake." Critical
Survey of Poetry. Ed. Frank N. McGill. Rev. ed. Vol. 6.
Pasadena: Salem, 1992. Print.
EXCERPT REPRINTED IN A REFERENCE BOOK
Correct Citation for the Original Work. Excerpt from
Title of Source Book. Ed. Editor's name. Volume
number. City of publication: Publisher, year. Pages.
Print.
Jones, Anthony. "Examining Faulkner." Southern
Journal 44 (1922): 612-18. Print. Excerpt from Short
Story Criticism. Ed. Laura James. Vol. 3. Detroit:
Gale, 1996. 62-5. Print.
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Author. "Title of the Article." Title of the
Magazine day Mon. year: pages. Print.
Keenan, Sandy. "Talking to Kids about Violence."
Newsweek 4 Aug. 2004: 76-9. Print.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Author. "Title of the Article." Title of the
Newspaper day Mon. year, edition: Section page. Print.
(If the story continues beyond the initial page, add + after the page
number.)
Mifflin, Lawrie. "Increase Seen in Number of Violent
TV Programs." New York Times 17 Apr. 1998,
late ed.: A16+. Print.
SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLE
Author. "Title of the Article." Title of the
Journal Volume number. Issue number
(Year of publication): pages. Print.
Garabedian, Deanna M. "Toni Morrison and the Language
of Music." CLA Journal 41.3 (1998): 3-18.
Print.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT
United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department
of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook.
2004-2005. Washington: GPO, 2004. Print.
FORMATS FOR
AUDIOVISUAL SOURCES
FILM OR VIDEO
The Dark Knight. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Perf.
Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, and Aaron
Eckhart. Warner Bros., 2008. DVD.
SOUND RECORDING
Runger, Nelson, narr. John Adams. By David
McCullough. Simon, 2002. CD.
FORMATS FOR WEB
SOURCES
ARTICLE FROM A SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE
Follow the format for a print article. Omit
the word Print, but include:
1. Name of database
2. Format of the article: Web
3. Date of access
Examples below may be used for all databases depending on type of article.
NOTE: For in-text references, use the author's last name and page number, if
given. Where there is no page
number, use the paragraph number. (Jennings par. 4)
POPULAR MAGAZINE FROM A DATABASE
Jennings, Andrea T. "Hiring Generation X." Fortune.
Feb. 2000: 55-. Infotrac Onefile. Web. 7 Apr. 2009
SCHOLARLY JOURNAL FROM A DATABASE
Kintisch, Eli. "Report: Think Simple on Cars."
Science 321.5891 (15 Aug. 2008): 903-903. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 8 June 2009.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE
Mauch II, Thomas H. "Researchers Identify Alzheimer's
Enzyme Inhibitor." Los Angeles Times
13 Apr. 2000: B2. Lexis-Nexis Academic. Web. 18
Apr. 2009
ESSAY FROM A DATABASE
Wachbroit, Robert. "Why Not Clone Humans?" Cloning.
2000. Contemporary Issues Companion
Series. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.
Web. 10 May 2002.
ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY FROM A DATABASE
Brower, Kirk J. "Anabolic Steroids." Encyclopedia
of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior. Ed.
Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, M.D. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. New
York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001.
122-128. Gale Virtual Reference Library. 12
August 2004.
A WORK CITED ONLY ON THE WEB
Include the following information in order:
1. Name of author,
compiler, director, editor etc.
2. Title of the work, italicized if it is not part of a
larger work, in quotations if it is part of a larger work
3. Title of the overall website italicized
4. Version or edition, if given
5. Publisher or sponsor of the site; if not available,
use N. p.
6. Date of publication (day, month, year) or n.d. if not given
7. Web
8. Date of access (day, month, year)
NEWS WEBSITE
Quade, Alex. "Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy
Lines." CNN.com. Cable News Network,
19 Mar. 2007. Web. 15 May
2008.
ONLINE MAGAZINE
Zakaria, Fareed. "Victory in Iraq." Newsweek. 6
June 2009. N.pag. Web. 11 June 2009.
SCHOLARLY ONLINE JOURNAL
Markless, Sharon. "A New Conception of Information
Literacy for the Digital Environment." Nordic
Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education.
1.1 (2009): 26-40. Web. 8 June 2009.
SCHOLARLY PROJECT, NO AUTHOR GIVEN
"Treatment." What You Need to Know about Breast
Cancer. Cancernet, National Cancer Institute, U.S.
National Institutes of Health. 01 Nov. 2007. Web. 8
June 2009.
ONLINE VIDEO
Barack Obama. "A New Beginning: President Obama Speaks
to the Muslim World from Cairo, Egypt."
Speech. YouTube.com. YouTube, 4 June
2009. Web. 8 June
2009.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
• List all your sources at the end of your paper on a
separate page with the centered title, Works Cited.
All entries should be double-spaced. All lines following the first must
be indented five spaces.
• Use italics rather than underlining for titles of
works.
• Indicate the format of the work, whether print, web,
DVD or other.
• Only include sources mentioned in your paper.
• List each item in alphabetical order by the author's
last name regardless of format.
• If there is no author, alphabetize by the first word
of the title.
• Where there is no publisher, no date or no page, use
n.p., n.d. or n.pag respectively.
• Capitalize each word in the titles of books, magazine
articles, etc. Do not capitalize words such as "the", "a",
"an", "in" unless it is the first word of the title or subtitle.
Example: The Essence of Citation: A Guide for the
Researcher
• Include appropriate in-text references for all
material from outside sources.
If you have any questions, speak with a reference
librarian or consult the MLA Handbook available at the
Reference Desk. Additional help is available at the following websites:
• Nassau Community College Writing Center:
http://www.ncc.edu/Academics/AcademicDepartments/English/WritingCenter/
• Purdue University Online Writing Lab
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/15/
• Citation generators such as
www.knightcite.com or www.easybib.com
are helpful, but always review the
results for accuracy.
REV. ms/fall 09
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